ECCOUNCIL-CEH

In the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) v3.1 severity ratings, what range does medium vulnerability fall in?

Bill is a network administrator. He wants to eliminate unencrypted traffic inside his company’s network. He decides to setup a SPAN port and capture all traffic to the datacenter. He immediately discovers unencrypted traffic in port UDP 161. What protocol is this port using and how can he secure that traffic?

Don, a student, came across a gaming app in a third-party app store and installed it. Subsequently, all the legitimate apps in his smartphone were replaced by deceptive applications that appeared legitimate. He also received many advertisements on his smartphone after installing the app. What is the attack performed on Don in the above scenario?

Clark, a professional hacker, was hired by an organization to gather sensitive information about its competitors surreptitiously. Clark gathers the server IP address of the target organization using Whois footprinting. Further, he entered the server IP address as an input to an online tool to retrieve information such as the network range of the target organization and to identify the network topology and operating system used in the network. What is the online tool employed by Clark in the above scenario?

You are a penetration tester and are about to perform a scan on a specific server. The agreement that you signed with the client contains the following specific condition for the scan: “The attacker must scan every port on the server several times using a set of spoofed source IP addresses.” Suppose that you are using Nmap to perform this scan. What flag will you use to satisfy this requirement?

Widespread fraud at Enron, WorldCom, and Tyco led to the creation of a law that was designed to improve the accuracy and accountability of corporate disclosures. It covers accounting firms and third parties that provide financial services to some organizations and came into effect in 2002. This law is known by what acronym?

This form of encryption algorithm is a symmetric key block cipher that is characterized by a 128-bit block size, and its key size can be up to 256 bits. Which among the following is this encryption algorithm?

Jack, a professional hacker, targets an organization and performs vulnerability scanning on the target web server to identify any possible weaknesses, vulnerabilities, and misconfigurations. In this process, Jack uses an automated tool that eases his work and performs vulnerability scanning to find hosts, services, and other vulnerabilities in the target server. Which of the following tools is used by Jack to perform vulnerability scanning?

Nicolas just found a vulnerability on a public-facing system that is considered a zero-day vulnerability. He sent an email to the owner of the public system describing the problem and how the owner can protect themselves from that vulnerability. He also sent an email to Microsoft informing them of the problem that their systems are exposed to. What type of hacker is Nicolas?

In an attempt to damage the reputation of a competitor organization, Hailey, a professional hacker, gathers a list of employee and client email addresses and other related information by using various search engines, social networking sites, and web spidering tools. In this process, she also uses an automated tool to gather a list of words from the target website to further perform a brute-force attack on the previously gathered email addresses. What is the tool used by Hailey for gathering a list of words from the target website?

Miley, a professional hacker, decided to attack a target organization's network. To perform the attack, she used a tool to send fake ARP messages over the target network to link her MAC address with the target system's IP address. By performing this, Miley received messages directed to the victim's MAC address and further used the tool to intercept steal, modify, and block sensitive communication to the target system. What is the tool employed by Miley to perform the above attack?

Kevin, an encryption specialist, implemented a technique that enhances the security of keys used for encryption and authentication. Using this technique, Kevin input an initial key to an algorithm that generated an enhanced key that is resistant to brute-force attacks. What is the technique employed by Kevin to improve the security of encryption keys?

John, a professional hacker, targeted CyberSol Inc., an MNC. He decided to discover the IoT devices connected in the target network that are using default credentials and are vulnerable to various hijacking attacks. For this purpose, he used an automated tool to scan the target network for specific types of IoT devices and detect whether they are using the default, factory-set credentials. What is the tool employed by John in the above scenario?

Tony wants to integrate a 128-bit symmetric block cipher with key sizes of 128, 192, or 256 bits into a software program, which involves 32 rounds of computational operations that include substitution and permutation operations on four 32-bit word blocks using 8-variable S-boxes with 4-bit entry and 4-bit exit. Which of the following algorithms includes all the above features and can be integrated by Tony into the software program?

Geena, a cloud architect, uses a master component in the Kubernetes cluster architecture that scans newly generated pods and allocates a node to them. This component can also assign nodes based on factors such as the overall resource requirement, data locality, software/hardware/policy restrictions, and internal workload interventions. Which of the following master components is explained in the above scenario?

Gilbert, a web developer, uses a centralized web API to reduce complexity and increase the integrity of updating and changing data. For this purpose, he uses a web service that uses HTTP methods such as PUT, POST, GET, and DELETE and can improve the overall performance, visibility, scalability, reliability, and portability of an application. What is the type of web-service API mentioned in the above scenario?

Rebecca, a security professional, wants to authenticate employees who use web services for safe and secure communication. In this process, she employs a component of the Web Service Architecture, which is an extension of SOAP, and it can maintain the integrity and confidentiality of SOAP messages. Which of the following components of the Web Service Architecture is used by Rebecca for securing the communication?

You are a cybersecurity consultant for a global organization. The organization has adopted a Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)policy, but they have recently experienced a phishing incident where an employee's device was compromised. In the investigation, you discovered that the phishing attack occurred through a third-party email app that the employee had installed. Given the need to balance security and user autonomy under the BYOD policy, how should the organization mitigate the risk of such incidents? Moreover, consider a measure that would prevent similar attacks without overly restricting the use of personal devices.

An organization is performing a vulnerability assessment for mitigating threats. James, a pen tester, scanned the organization by building an inventory of the protocols found on the organization’s machines to detect which ports are attached to services such as an email server, a web server, or a database server. After identifying the services, he selected the vulnerabilities on each machine and started executing only the relevant tests. What is the type of vulnerability assessment solution that James employed in the above scenario?

XYZ company recently discovered a potential vulnerability on their network, originating from misconfigurations. It was found that some of their host servers had enabled debugging functions and unknown users were granted administrative permissions. As a Certified Ethical Hacker, what would be the most potent risk associated with this misconfiguration?

An organization suspects a persistent threat from a cybercriminal. They hire an ethical hacker, John, to evaluate their system security. John identifies several vulnerabilities and advises the organization on preventive measures. However, the organization has limited resources and opts to fix only the most severe vulnerability. Subsequently, a data breach occurs exploiting a different vulnerability. Which of the following statements best describes this scenario?

An ethical hacker is attempting to crack NTLM hashed passwords from a Windows SAM file using a rainbow table attack. He has dumped the on-disk contents of the SAM file successfully and noticed that all LM hashes are blank. Given this scenario, which of the following would be the most likely reason for the blank LM hashes?

Joe works as an IT administrator in an organization and has recently set up a cloud computing service for the organization. To implement this service, he reached out to a telecom company for providing Internet connectivity and transport services between the organization and the cloud service provider. In the NIST cloud deployment reference architecture, under which category does the telecom company fall in the above scenario?

During a red team engagement, an ethical hacker is tasked with testing the security measures of an organization's wireless network. The hacker needs to select an appropriate tool to carry out a session hijacking attack. Which of the following tools should the hacker use to effectively perform session hijacking and subsequent security analysis, given that the target wireless network has the Wi-Fi Protected Access-pre-shared key (WPA-PSK) security protocol in place?

A large corporate network is being subjected to repeated sniffing attacks. To increase security, the company's IT department decides to implement a combination of several security measures. They permanently add the MAC address of the gateway to the ARP cache, switch to using IPv6 instead of IPv4, implement the use of encrypted sessions such as SSH instead of Telnet, and use Secure File Transfer Protocol instead of FTP. However, they are still faced with the threat of sniffing. Considering the countermeasures, what should be their next step to enhance network security?

As the chief security officer at SecureMobile, you are overseeing the development of a mobile banking application. You are aware of the potential risks of man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks where an attacker might intercept communication between the app and the bank's servers. Recently, you have learned about a technique used by attackers where they use rogue Wi-Fi hotspots to conduct MitM attacks. To prevent this type of attack, you plan to implement a security feature in the mobile app. What should this feature accomplish?

As part of a penetration testing team, you've discovered a web application vulnerable to Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). The application sanitizes inputs against standard XSS payloads but fails to filter out HTML-encoded characters. On further analysis, you've noticed that the web application uses cookies to track session IDs. You decide to exploit the XSS vulnerability to steal users' session cookies. However, the application implements HTTPOnly cookies, complicating your original plan. Which of the following would be the most viable strategy for a successful attack?

Sam is a penetration tester hired by Inception Tech, a security organization. He was asked to perform port scanning on a target host in the network. While performing the given task, Sam sends FIN/ACK probes and determines that an RST packet is sent in response by the target host, indicating that the port is closed. What is the port scanning technique used by Sam to discover open ports?

An organization has automated the operation of critical infrastructure from a remote location. For this purpose, all the industrial control systems are connected to the Internet. To empower the manufacturing process, ensure the reliability of industrial networks, and reduce downtime and service disruption, the organization decided to install an OT security tool that further protects against security incidents such as cyber espionage, zero-day attacks, and malware. Which of the following tools must the organization employ to protect its critical infrastructure?

Morris, a professional hacker, performed a vulnerability scan on a target organization by sniffing the traffic on the network to identify the active systems, network services, applications, and vulnerabilities. He also obtained the list of the users who are currently accessing the network. What is the type of vulnerability assessment that Morris performed on the target organization?